نشریه فیزیولوژی محیطی گیاهی
پیاپی 3 (پاییز 1385)

The relationships between the seed cotton yield and early maturity with to traits of 8 cotton cultivars were studied at plant Institiute, Gorgan, Iran in 2004. The experimental design was randomized complete block design with four replications The results of simple analysis Variance showed that; yield, weight of yield in first harvest, height, length of the highest monopodial branch, sympodial branch lenght had significant differences at minimum probability level (0.05) and traits of weight of yield in second harvest and early-maturity showed significantly difference (p<0.01) within cultivars, but, there were no significant in trait of mean of weight of 20-boll in first harvest, number of boll in plot for first and second harvest, monopodial branch number, sympodial branch number. The means were compared with duncan method showed that cultivars Sub okra, Super okra & H.A.R produced highest yield, and other cultivars in the B group. Cultivars of Sub okra, Bract frygo & Deforme leaf the highest early maturity and cultivars of Sahel, Super okra, okra”s red leaf & Smoshaleaf highest late maturity and cultivar of H.A.R in middle maturity. The results of the experiment revealed that improvement in yield were associated with yield in first harvest. Height and sympodial branch length a negative correlation with yield. The correlation showes that height, monopodial branch length, number of simpodial, yield in second harvest and 5 sympodial branch length a negative correlation with early maturity. Traits yield in first harvest was high significantly related to early maturity.

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important agricultural plants in the world. Today, potato is the fourth most important food crop in the world after wheat, rice and corn. It is propagated predominantly by asexual method (tubers and minitubers). However, propagation by true seed is primarily used for breeding purposes (enhancement of breeding populations) and genetic studies. The traditional methods for asexual propagation of the plant face important problems including contamination of tubers and plants and decreased crops. Therefore, the seed tubers can be replaced by micrutubers produced by tissue culture. In this study solid and culture media used for produce of sterile plantlets and microtuberization. The aim of this study is search about effect of different concentrations of NH4NO3 and KNO3 in media culture Invitro in histological/ cellular variations of the microtubers. The concentrations of 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2 and 2 times more than standard concentrations of the above mentioned compounds in MS medium were used in separate induction media. The results showed that the alternating light and darkness is more suitable for the variety Agria and the samples kept in absolute darkness demonstrated no microtuberization in this study. Sections for light microscopy were prepared from microtubers in each sample after their dimensions were measured and morphological studies carried out. The aim was to study the histological aspects of samples. The number of cell rows, the dimensions of the cells and the starch content of the parenchymal tissues of microtuber's pulp and the cortex were analyzed. The results again showed significant variations in histological features of the microtubers developed in media containing different concentrations of macronutrients. In this study, KNO3 with concentrations of 1.5 times more than standard concentration in MS medium yielded maximum number of cell rows and maximum starch granules content which were proportional to the average dimensions of microtubers. NH4NO3, with concentrations of 1/2 to 1 time more than standard concentrations in MS medium yielded a better differentiation of parenchymal tissues than other concentrations.

Sefid-Kuh Protected Area is situated in the west of Iran. The Area is one of the unknown ecosystems of Zagros mountain system. The vegetation of part of the Area was studied by Braun-Blanquet method. Phytosociological data analyzed with Factorial Correspondence Analysis (FCA) and the Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC) methods by means of Anaphyto software. 18 associations and 6 subassociations were distinguished in the Area. These steppe-forest communities belong to Quercetea persicae and Quercetalia persica. The zonation of vegetation is mainly affected by topographic and edaphic factors. Altitude, slope, exposure, percent of gravel and moisture, texture and depth of the soil are the important factors to establishment of associations in the different elevation zones.

Canola contains allelochemicals that effect on metabolism of weeds and crop plants.The aim of this research was to study the effect of aquatic extract of canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401) on chlorophyll content in cotyledon, nitrate reductase, catalase and peroxidase activity in root, stem and cotyledon of soybean seedling (Glycine max L. cv Gorgan 3) in Hoagland culture. The seeds of canola (Brassica napus L.cv Hyola 401) was planted in pot and provided aquatic extract of total plant in 5 leaf stage.This extract was added to Hoagland culture and catalase,peroxidase and nitrate reductase activities in leaf, stem and root and chlorophyll a and b content in cotyledons in soybean seedling (Glycine max L.cv Gorgan3) after 9 days were evaluated. The results showed that chlorophylls (a and b) amounts in cotyledons and catalase and peroxidase in root and stem and cotyledon decreased in comparison with to control (Hoagland only) in while nitrate reductase activity reduced in cotyledon and in root and stem increasd.

Dianthus caryophyllus is one of the most important species in Dianthus genus. In order to propagation virus-free plant material, in vitro culture of this species var cerise royallette were studied. Explants were cultured in Anderson medium containing 1 mgl-1 6-benzylaminopurine. 6-benzylaminopurine alone induced callus in nodes and internodes explants. To achieve organogenesis, calli subcultured onto Anderson medium with or without plant growth regulator. The highest shoot length was obtained in medium without any hormone. The most suitable adventitious shoot regeneration medium was Anderson medium supplement with 4 mgl-1 Kin and 0.1 mgl-1 NAA. Root regeneration was observ ed in medium with 0.5 and 1 mgl-1 naphtalenacetic acid. Rooted plantlet transferred into pot with perlite and irrigated by different nutrient solution. The effect of different nutrient solution (An, OM, MS, MC) on growth and development of plantlet were compared. The results showed Anderson medium was more effective than the others. Acclimatized plants were transferred to soil. All plants were survived in field condition and produced flower after 4 months.

Achillea micranta L. is a wild endemic medicine herb with important therapeutic effects has been used in traditional north of Iran. GC-MS analysis of the isolated essential oil from  flowering aerial parts of A. micranta resulted to identification of 23 constituents, that eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) with 19.9%, borneol (11.9%), camphor(11.1%) and thujene (5.1%) were the major constituent of essential oil studied, respectively. The antibacterial activity was individually evaluated against 2 tested bacteria. We concluded that the essential oil showed a good antibacterial activity against tested bacteria but the Gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus was more sensitive. This study confirms that the essential oil of A. micranta L. possesses antibacterial properties in vitro. 1,8-cineol, borneol and camphor can be considered as the main antibacterial constituents of the oil studied.

Growth, pigment compositions, nitrogenase activity, photosynthesis and heterosyct frequency fluctuations of dominant species Nostoc sp. JAH 109, isolated from rice field, were evaluated in combination of limited irradiance (2 uE.m-2.s-1), different pHs (5,7,9) and inorganic carbon availability. Nostoc sp. JAH 109, can be considered as an alkalophilic organism. Optimal growth rate were observed at pH 9. Size of phycobilisomes and relationship between photosystem II and photosystem I increased in pH 9 and DIC available condition. This strain could not grow well in acidic condition, but neutral and alkaline condition cause active carbon dioxide concentration mechanism system. The pattern of nitrogenase activity seems more or less regular and linear at the first days after inoculation both in neutral and alkaline conditions. With respect to nitrogenase activity, the highest rate was in pH 9 and DIC availability. This seems true for heterocyst frequency fluctuations too. The higher photosynthetic capacity (Pmax) per unit of chlorophyll was resulted in higher DIC concentration at alkaline condition.